No. 2 (2011)
Published:
2011-06-30
ARTICLES FROM THIS ISSUE
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Why is IPv6 Deployment Important for the Internet Evolution?
Abstract
Replacing the IPv4 protocol with IPv6 on the Internet is currently one of the aims of the European Union policy. The main reason for this replacement is the effeteness of the addresses pool in the IPv4 protocol, which can cause serious complications in the evolution of the Internet and its adaptation in new areas, e.g., in next generation mobile telephony or the so called Internet of Things. Simultaneously, the addressing capabilities of the IPv6 protocol are practically unlimited and its new functionalities increase the attractiveness of its usage. The article discusses the problems connected with the IPv6 deployment on the Internet. Especially, the rules for realization of the IPv6 deployment and rules for cooperation of IPv4 with IPv6 (including cooperation tests) in network infrastructure and in applications are presented. Moreover, the European projects’ results and the activity’s directions of the national project Future Internet Engineering are discussed.
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IPv6 in Virtualization Environments
Abstract
The primary network layer protocol on which theoperation of most computer networks is based, including the Internet is the Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4). Due to the limitations of this protocol, it is becoming increasingly widespread use of the Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6). The IPv6 implements some new features not available in IPv4. The paper provides a short overview of the key features of IPv6 and discussed the possible levels of network virtualization. The research environment to testing the level of support for IPv6 protocol by virtualization environments is proposed. The results of tests conducted using the proposed research environment for Hyper-V virtualizer are presented.
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IPv6 in Wireless Networks – Selected Issues
Abstract
The article presents issues concerning the construction of autonomous wireless networks based on the IPv6 protocol. Prospects of implementation of IPv6 in wireless networks and IPv6 features and mechanisms important in such applications are discussed. Research directions related to the use of IPv6 in wireless networks are also outlined. Then the selected concepts are described, arising in the course of the EFIPSANS (Exposing the Features in IP Version Six Protocols that can be Exploited/Extended for the Purposes of Designing/Building Autonomic Networks and Services) project, during studies on the autonomy of nodes and routing configuration for wireless networks. Concepts presented here apply to wireless ad hoc mesh networks. Discussed is their nature and aspects related to auto-configuration and autonomously operating routing. In particular, there is a Wireless Autonomic Routing Framework (WARF) architecture presented.
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On Implementing IPTV Platform with IPv4 and IPv6 Devices
Abstract
The end of IPv4 addresses is now a reality. Providers not updated to IPv6 will have to hurry up the IPv6 start in its own network. Introduction of IPv6 means not only change of main routers but also change of mentality in operators, applications’ programmers besides end users. Even when for the last years the core network is prepared for transferring IPv6 traffic, other built-in parts of the Internet limit the IPv6 start. Examples of these limitations we find in not IPv6-awareness of many applications and services. For instance, voice over IP service, which uses session initiation protocol (SIP) needs to implement IPv6 aware SIP proxies and IPv6 aware AAA (authentication, authorization and accounting) servers as well as adapting application programming interfaces to IPv6. Internet protocol television (IPTV) system includes many different hardware devices, which not always are IPv6 compatible. In this paper, we propose a global solution for integrating all the devices, these one working on IPv4 and these one working on IPv6, under the same IPTV platform. This solution allows end users to receive IPTV stream irrespective of IP protocol used. The proposed solution is particularly relevant for small IPTV systems, which, step by step, are adapting into IPv6.
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On Testing IPv6 in Small ISP’s Networks
Abstract
Testing process allows to detect potential faults of implementation of IPv6 in the phase preceding migration, thus minimizing the risk of problems in IPv6 deployment. In general the IPv6 tests should be performed by all network providers, however the test range should fit their needs. It causes that test range for small network operators (offering basic set of services) could be limited in comparison to larger ISPs. In this paper, we propose an approach to IPv6 tests with regard to IPv6 deployment by small operators. We present tools and specifications for IPv6 tests and propose a test platform optimized to small ISP’s needs. The test platform is a dedicated LiveCD distribution based on FreeBSD operating system with IPv6 test environment and set of pre-defined tests. An advantage of this solution is the ability to launch the test tool software on any computer equipped with an Ethernet card and CD-ROM/DVD-ROM drive. LiveCD test tool allows users to execute tests and analyze the results in graphical environment.We believe that this approach will help to simplify and shorten the IPv6 testing process in small ISP’s networks.
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Dynamic Contracting of IP Services – System Architecture and Prototype
Abstract
Proposition of architecture and implementation of prototype system for dynamic contracting IP services is presented. The system serves requests issued by users demanding setting up network service of specified parameters. DiffServ technology together with traffic engineering and admission control are used. Implementation details and results of tests are described. Necessary extensions and possibility of commercialization of such a system are discussed.
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GPON, the Ultimate Pertinent of Next Generation Triple-play Bandwidth Resolution
Abstract
Optical transmission is getting more popular in the access network due to the increasing demand for bandwidth. New services like IP television (IPTV) transmission, video on demand (VoD) etc. over Internet together along high speed Internet access are confronting the demand of higher bandwidth at the customer end in today’s Ethernet network backbone. Even though today’s well deployed XDSL (i.e., VDSL/VDSL2+, SHDSL) solutions can satisfy bandwidth demand but are limited to the restriction regarding distance. Hereby, the suitable solution for high bandwidth demand with a long reach can be met by reaching optical cable to cus- tomer end directly. One of the possible ways would be to install passive optical network (PON). Gigabit PON (GPON) is the far-most advanced PON solution used by European and US providers while providers in Asia predominantly use EPON/GePON. This GPON is the basic technology to support the structure of the next-generation fiber to the home (FTTH) system. This paper provides an overview of such GPON solution associating its network architecture, transmission mechanisms and some key services.
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Developing a Secure Image Steganographic System Using TPVD Adaptive LSB Matching Revisited Algorithm for Maximizing the Embedding Rate
Abstract
Steganography is the approach for hiding any secret message in a variety of multimedia carriers like images, audio or video files. Whenever we are hiding a data, it is very important to make it invisible, so that it could be protected. A number of steganographic algorithms have been proposed based on this property of a steganographic system. This paper concentrates on integrating Tri way pixel value differencing approach and LSB matching revisited. The secret data embedded in images were images, text and audio signals so far. The proposed scheme has also come with the executable file as secret data. Also, the experimentation results show that, the important properties of a steganographic system such as imperceptibility, capacity of the carrier image and also resistance against the various steganalytic tools have also been achieved with this stego-system.
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An Efficient Chaotic Interleaver for Image Transmission over IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbee Network
Abstract
This paper studies a vital issue in wireless communications, which is the transmission of images over wireless networks. IEEE ZigBee 802.15.4 is a short-range communication standard that could be used for small distance multimedia transmissions. In fact, the ZigBee network is a wireless personal area network (WPAN), which needs a strong interleaving mechanism for protection against error bursts. Thispaper presents a novel chaotic interleaving scheme for this purpose. This scheme depends on the chaotic Baker map. A comparison study between the proposed chaotic interleaving scheme and the traditional block and convolutional interleaving schemes for image transmission over a correlated fading channel is presented. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed chaotic interleaving scheme over the traditional schemes.
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Higher Order Cumulants for Identification and Equalization of Multicarrier Spreading Spectrum Systems
Abstract
This paper describes two blind algorithms for multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system equalization. In order to identify, blindly, the impulse response of two practical selective frequency fading channels called broadband radio access network (BRAN A and BRAN E) normalized for MC-CDMA systems, we have used higher order cumulants (HOC) to build our algorithms. For that, we have focussed on the experimental channels to develop our blind algorithms able to simulate the measured data with high accuracy. The simulation results in noisy environment and for different signal to noise ratio (SNR) demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are able to estimate the impulse response of these channels blindly (i.e., without any information about the input), except that the input excitation is i.i.d. (identically and independent distributed) and non-Gaussian. In the part of MC-CDMA, we use the zero forcing and the minimum mean square error equalizers to perform our algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
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Characteristics of Measured Rainfall Rate at Ogbomoso, Nigeria for Microwave Applications
Abstract
Characteristics of rainfall rate useful in the estimation of attenuation due to rain are presented. Rain data collected at Ogbomoso between January–October, 2009 were used in the analysis. Result shows that power law relationship exists between the equiprobable rain rates of two different integration times. The value of conversion factor CE and CR obtained for Ogbomoso are 0.28(60) and 0.64(90) respectively. Our result then shows that different conversion factor is required for different location even within the same climatic region.
